E-ISSN 2705-3954 | ISSN 0794-4756
 

Original Research 
NJE. 2026; 33(1): 92-102


Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria

Olalekan Ogunbiyi, Victor Kayode Owolabi, Ahmed Babatunde Olaloye, Lambe Mutalub Adesina.


Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural production, coupled with climate variability, irregular rainfall, and water scarcity, has intensified the need for intelligent farming technologies capable of improving crop productivity and resource efficiency. This study presents the design and implementation of a low-cost IoT-based embedded system for automated greenhouse environmental control to support precision agriculture in Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to develop an ESP32-based smart greenhouse monitoring and control system, monitor key environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity in real time, implement automated irrigation and climate control mechanisms, and provide a cost-effective solution suitable for resource-constrained farming environments. The proposed system integrates a capacitive soil moisture sensor, DHT11 temperature–humidity sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, relay modules, water pump, and ventilation fan for environmental regulation. Environmental data acquired from the sensors are processed by the ESP32, which automatically activates irrigation and ventilation systems whenever measured parameters exceed predefined threshold values. Experimental evaluation demonstrated reliable sensor performance, with soil moisture levels between 10% and 60% corresponding to sensor voltages ranging from 2.85 V to 1.35 V and ESP32 ADC values between 3530 and 1680. The irrigation system operated at a soil moisture threshold of 35%, activating the pump within 1.0–1.2 s, while the ventilation fan activated at 28°C to maintain thermal stability. System response time ranged from 330 to 600 ms. Crop growth experiments conducted over six weeks showed improved plant growth of 31.2 cm compared to 23.0 cm under manual irrigation, while water consumption decreased by 34%. The system demonstrated high operational reliability and effectiveness for sustainable smart agriculture applications

Key words: Automated Irrigation; Embedded System; ESP32; Greenhouse Control; Soil Moisture Sensor; Temperature Monitoring


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Olalekan Ogunbiyi
Articles by Victor Kayode Owolabi
Articles by Ahmed Babatunde Olaloye
Articles by Lambe Mutalub Adesina
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ogunbiyi O, Owolabi VK, Olaloye AB, Adesina LM. Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. NJE. 2026; 33(1): 92-102.


Web Style

Ogunbiyi O, Owolabi VK, Olaloye AB, Adesina LM. Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=314296 [Access: June 27, 2026].


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ogunbiyi O, Owolabi VK, Olaloye AB, Adesina LM. Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. NJE. 2026; 33(1): 92-102.



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ogunbiyi O, Owolabi VK, Olaloye AB, Adesina LM. Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. NJE. (2026), [cited June 27, 2026]; 33(1): 92-102.



Harvard Style

Ogunbiyi, O., Owolabi, . V. K., Olaloye, . A. B. & Adesina, . L. M. (2026) Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. NJE, 33 (1), 92-102.



Turabian Style

Ogunbiyi, Olalekan, Victor Kayode Owolabi, Ahmed Babatunde Olaloye, and Lambe Mutalub Adesina. 2026. Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 33 (1), 92-102.



Chicago Style

Ogunbiyi, Olalekan, Victor Kayode Owolabi, Ahmed Babatunde Olaloye, and Lambe Mutalub Adesina. "Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 33 (2026), 92-102.



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ogunbiyi, Olalekan, Victor Kayode Owolabi, Ahmed Babatunde Olaloye, and Lambe Mutalub Adesina. "Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 33.1 (2026), 92-102. Print.



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ogunbiyi, O., Owolabi, . V. K., Olaloye, . A. B. & Adesina, . L. M. (2026) Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Automated Greenhouse Environmental Control in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 33 (1), 92-102.