Abstract
In this study, a 12-level inverter architecture with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for solar cell energy systems was designed and simulated. In areas with high solar irradiation, solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer a practical and scalable solution to energy deficit and the difficulties associated with remote electrification. In contrast to conventional two or three level inverters, the suggested topology uses a modified cascaded Multilevel Inverter (MLI) configuration, allowing for high-resolution stepped-wave output voltages with decreased Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). The inverter's control scheme incorporates the Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm to optimize PV power extraction under varying irradiance conditions. Using Simulink blocks, a MATLAB/Simulink model was created to depict the control system, 12-level inverter stages, DC-to-DC boost converter, and PV array of the system. The system performance was investigated in a variety of scenarios through simulation experiments. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of the suggested system shows a THD of ~ 4%, and a total system efficiency of 89.5% was achieved. The THD attained is considered good and acceptable as it is within standard limits. An alternative solution for high-quality power conversion for solar PV systems is provided by the integrated MLI and MPPT framework, which improves Power Quality (PQ) and increases power harvesting efficiency. The suggested system's real-time validation and hardware implementation will be investigated in future research.

Key words: Solar Cell Systems, Twelve-level Inverter, Total Harmonic Distortion, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Perturb & Observe algorithm.