E-ISSN 2705-3954 | ISSN 0794-4756
 
2025, Vol: 32, Issue: 1
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Original Research 


Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors

Abdullahi Saeed Hassan, Abdulwahab D Ismail, Usman Danladi Drambi, Muhammad Hilal Kabir.


Abstract
Bambara groundnut, an underutilized crop in West Africa, is rich in primary and secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols. Polyphenols are valued for their bioactive potential and extensive food applications. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is recognized for enhancing the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from various plant sources. This study examines the kinetics of UAE using Peleg’s kinetic model, focusing on several key factors: ultrasonic amplitude (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%), temperature (10°C, 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C), solid-solvent ratio (SSR) (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 g/mL), and particle size (0.15, 0.25, and 0.425 mm) all in 45 min extraction time. The results showed that all these factors are crucial in successfully extracting the targeted compounds. However, maximum TPC was obtained at 60% ultrasonic amplitude (0.23 mgGAE/gdm), 0.25 mm particle size, and 40 °C temperature, suggesting amplitude as the major contributing factor. Similarly, the maximum diffusion and mass transfer coefficients were found to be 25.6 × 10-10 m2/s and 34.75 m/s, respectively, at 60 °C. The kinetic model agrees strongly with the experimental data, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9) for all the experiments and root mean square deviation (RMSD < 0.1). This study not only reiterates the effectiveness of UAE in enhancing the extraction process in terms of time and yield but also provides valuable insights into the extraction kinetics of TPC from Bambara groundnut, instilling confidence in the potential of this method for large-scale applications.

Key words: Bambara groundnut, Ultrasound-assisted extraction, Kinetic models, Polyphenols, Peleg’s, Modeling


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hassan AS, Ismail AD, Drambi UD, Kabir MH. Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. NJE. 2025; 32(1): 83-89.

Web Style

Hassan AS, Ismail AD, Drambi UD, Kabir MH. Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=232190 [Access: May 11, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hassan AS, Ismail AD, Drambi UD, Kabir MH. Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. NJE. 2025; 32(1): 83-89.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hassan AS, Ismail AD, Drambi UD, Kabir MH. Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. NJE. (2025), [cited May 11, 2025]; 32(1): 83-89.


Harvard Style

Hassan, A. S., Ismail, . A. D., Drambi, . U. D. & Kabir, . M. H. (2025) Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. NJE, 32 (1), 83-89.


Turabian Style

Hassan, Abdullahi Saeed, Abdulwahab D Ismail, Usman Danladi Drambi, and Muhammad Hilal Kabir. 2025. Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (1), 83-89.


Chicago Style

Hassan, Abdullahi Saeed, Abdulwahab D Ismail, Usman Danladi Drambi, and Muhammad Hilal Kabir. "Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32 (2025), 83-89.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hassan, Abdullahi Saeed, Abdulwahab D Ismail, Usman Danladi Drambi, and Muhammad Hilal Kabir. "Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32.1 (2025), 83-89. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hassan, A. S., Ismail, . A. D., Drambi, . U. D. & Kabir, . M. H. (2025) Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Bambara Groundnut’s Total Phenolic Content: Modeling and Effects on Operating Factors. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (1), 83-89.


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