E-ISSN 2705-3954 | ISSN 0794-4756
 
2026, Vol: 33, Issue: 1
33 / 1Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles

Original Research 


DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS

K. E. Jack, K. C. Bala, J. Agajo, B. A. Adegboye, L. J. Olatomiwa, J. G. Ambafi, M. Aliyu, C. Innocent, A. A. Yakub, I. S. Ibrahim.


Abstract
The healthcare industry has witnessed substantial growth in recent years, resulting in an upsurge in medical waste generation. This upsurge poses a unique challenge to effective waste handling, particularly within hospital wards. Manual handling of medical waste has been associated with inefficiencies, jeopardizing the safety of patients, staff, and visitors. To address these challenges, this study introduces the development of an autonomous waste handling robotized system that automates the processes of waste handling and optimizes the overall efficiencies. This system employed two controllers that synergize ultrasonic sensors and servomotors for automated lid control and monitoring of the waste container. A notification system with color-coded Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) which indicates the present status of the waste container and consequently, reducing the need for human intervention. The system also uses Infrared proximity sensors integrated with motor drivers to control the navigation of the robot, featuring a mechanism that enables climbing of obstacles. The system design includes generation of mathematical models of both the mechanical and electrical components of the system to ensure structural integrity and efficient performance. The fabrication phase translates the theoretical design into a physical system considering material selection, assembly processes, and compliance with healthcare regulations. The electrical circuit design guides the selection of motors, batteries, and sensors, ensuring effective performance and power efficiency. These approaches position the adaptable mobile robotic system to contribute to sustainable waste management that promotes improved operational efficiency, increased safety for healthcare workers, and a positive environmental impact.

Key words: Robotics System, Hospital Ward, Waste Handling, Modeling, Sensor, Servo Motor


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Jack KE, Bala KC, Agajo J, Adegboye BA, Olatomiwa LJ, Ambafi JG, Aliyu M, Innocent C, Yakub AA, Ibrahim IS. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. NJE. 2025; 32(1): 39-46.

Web Style

Jack KE, Bala KC, Agajo J, Adegboye BA, Olatomiwa LJ, Ambafi JG, Aliyu M, Innocent C, Yakub AA, Ibrahim IS. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=186308 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Jack KE, Bala KC, Agajo J, Adegboye BA, Olatomiwa LJ, Ambafi JG, Aliyu M, Innocent C, Yakub AA, Ibrahim IS. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. NJE. 2025; 32(1): 39-46.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Jack KE, Bala KC, Agajo J, Adegboye BA, Olatomiwa LJ, Ambafi JG, Aliyu M, Innocent C, Yakub AA, Ibrahim IS. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. NJE. (2025), [cited June 27, 2026]; 32(1): 39-46.


Harvard Style

Jack, K. E., Bala, . K. C., Agajo, . J., Adegboye, . B. A., Olatomiwa, . L. J., Ambafi, . J. G., Aliyu, . M., Innocent, . C., Yakub, . A. A. & Ibrahim, . I. S. (2025) DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. NJE, 32 (1), 39-46.


Turabian Style

Jack, K. E., K. C. Bala, J. Agajo, B. A. Adegboye, L. J. Olatomiwa, J. G. Ambafi, M. Aliyu, C. Innocent, A. A. Yakub, and I. S. Ibrahim. 2025. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (1), 39-46.


Chicago Style

Jack, K. E., K. C. Bala, J. Agajo, B. A. Adegboye, L. J. Olatomiwa, J. G. Ambafi, M. Aliyu, C. Innocent, A. A. Yakub, and I. S. Ibrahim. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32 (2025), 39-46.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Jack, K. E., K. C. Bala, J. Agajo, B. A. Adegboye, L. J. Olatomiwa, J. G. Ambafi, M. Aliyu, C. Innocent, A. A. Yakub, and I. S. Ibrahim. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 32.1 (2025), 39-46. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Jack, K. E., Bala, . K. C., Agajo, . J., Adegboye, . B. A., Olatomiwa, . L. J., Ambafi, . J. G., Aliyu, . M., Innocent, . C., Yakub, . A. A. & Ibrahim, . I. S. (2025) DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOUS WASTE-HANDLING ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WARDS. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 32 (1), 39-46.


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