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2024, Vol: 31, Issue: 1
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Original Research 


Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez.

Abstract
In this paper, a load frequency control (LFC) of high voltage direct current (HVDC)-linked interconnected multi-area power system (MPS) is presented. The control scheme is aimed at maintaining a near-zero steady state errors for deviation in frequency and inter-area power flow within acceptable limit in a three-area MPS. The proposed LFC was realized with aid of proportional integral (PI) controller designed in a decoupled form and a supplementary power modulation controller (SPMC). The SPMC regulates flow of DC power through the DC-link. The PI controllers are optimized based on integral square error (ISE) using quasi-oppositional whale optimization algorithm (QOWOA). The efficacy of the proposed LFC scheme was demonstrated through time-based simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system responses are compared with those obtained in conventional AC system. The comparative analysis revealed the superiority of the developed QOWOA-optimized HVDC-linked over the conventional AC system. The overshoot and settling times of frequency deviation and tie-line powers are used as the performance metrics.

Key words: Load frequency control, HVDC, supplementary power modulation controller, whale optimization algorithm


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . NJE. 2023; 30(1): 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07

Web Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=154521 [Access: January 03, 2024]. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . NJE. 2023; 30(1): 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . NJE. (2023), [cited January 03, 2024]; 30(1): 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


Harvard Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez (2023) Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . NJE, 30 (1), 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


Turabian Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. 2023. Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 30 (1), 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


Chicago Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. "Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System ." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 30 (2023), 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez. "Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System ." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 30.1 (2023), 43-48. Print. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

T. Sani, A. B. Kunya, N. Abdulazeez (2023) Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System . Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 30 (1), 43-48. doi:10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07


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