E-ISSN 2705-3954 | ISSN 0794-4756
 
2025, Vol: 32, Issue: 3
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Original Research 


IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION

Oche Otache, Muhammad Uthman, Sadiq Umar, Farouq E. Shaibu, Sa’id Usman Ibrahim.


Abstract
As wireless communication technology continues to advance and mobile connectivity increases, there is a growing need for innovative solutions to optimize spectrum usage. This research introduces an innovative method to enhance spectrum sensing in Cognitive Radio (CR) systems within Fifth Generation (5G) networks. Our approach combines Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) and Energy Detection (ED) techniques, incorporating the Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD) by employing Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD) to analyze the energy spectral characteristics of Primary User (PU) signals. Our approach utilizes the OR voting rule at the Fusion Center (FC) to make the final decision on PU signal detection. Resulting in an improved spectrum sensing performance with 44.44% decrease in Probability of Missed Detection (PMD) for AWGN channel and 51.95% decrease in Probability of False Alarm (PFA) for AWGN channel, with 24.69% decrease in PMD for Ricain channel and 39.60% decrease in PFA for Ricain channel and with 23.26% decrease in PMD for Rayleigh channel and 43.48% decrease in PFA for Rayleigh channel. This approach shows promise in effectively utilizing the limited spectrum resources in 5G networks and enabling the deployment of new services and applications.

Key words: 5G Network, Cognitive Radio, Cooperative Spectrum Sensing, Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Otache O, Uthman M, Umar S, Shaibu FE, Ibrahim SU. IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. NJE. 2024; 31(1): 82-91.

Web Style

Otache O, Uthman M, Umar S, Shaibu FE, Ibrahim SU. IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=173894 [Access: June 22, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Otache O, Uthman M, Umar S, Shaibu FE, Ibrahim SU. IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. NJE. 2024; 31(1): 82-91.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Otache O, Uthman M, Umar S, Shaibu FE, Ibrahim SU. IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. NJE. (2024), [cited June 22, 2026]; 31(1): 82-91.


Harvard Style

Otache, O., Uthman, . M., Umar, . S., Shaibu, . F. E. & Ibrahim, . S. U. (2024) IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. NJE, 31 (1), 82-91.


Turabian Style

Otache, Oche, Muhammad Uthman, Sadiq Umar, Farouq E. Shaibu, and Sa'id Usman Ibrahim. 2024. IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 31 (1), 82-91.


Chicago Style

Otache, Oche, Muhammad Uthman, Sadiq Umar, Farouq E. Shaibu, and Sa'id Usman Ibrahim. "IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 31 (2024), 82-91.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Otache, Oche, Muhammad Uthman, Sadiq Umar, Farouq E. Shaibu, and Sa'id Usman Ibrahim. "IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 31.1 (2024), 82-91. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Otache, O., Uthman, . M., Umar, . S., Shaibu, . F. E. & Ibrahim, . S. U. (2024) IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEME IN 5G COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK BASED ON COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING OF ENERGY DETECTION. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 31 (1), 82-91.


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