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Original Research
Online Published: 03 May 2023
 


Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas

S. Sulaiman, S. Dan’azumi.


Abstract
Nigeria did not meet the millennium development goal (MDG) target of 75% coverage of safe drinking water in 2015. This
research is aimed at evaluating the suitability of ceramic water filter made from natural clay and sugarcane bagasse to
remove turbidity and pathogens from surface water for household drinking purpose. Preliminary filters were constructed from
different proportions of clayto sugarcane bagasse and 90% clay –10% sugarcane bagasse gave a good flowrate of 2.5 L/hr.
Four filters were constructed and were labeled Filters A, B, C and D based on different methods of silver nitrate application.
Raw water was collected at Riminguza Dam and100 filtration runs were conducted in all the four filters. pH, turbidity and
total coliform (TC) count were tested before and after the 1st, 5th, 10th, 20th, 50th and 100thfiltration runs. The raw water result
on pH, turbidity and TC countwas6.7, 46.3 NTU and 70 count/100 ml respectively. The result of 100 filtration runs on the four
filters on pH ranged from 7.07 to 7.17, turbidity ranged from 2.69 to 3.76 NTU and the TC count ranged from 2 to 22
count/100ml.Filter C and D were found to be more effective in terms of coliform removal. The filtered water was found to
conform to the WHO and Nigerian standards for safe drinking water quality.

Key words: Turbidity, pathogens, raw water, standards


 
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Pubmed Style

Sulaiman S, Dan'azumi S. Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. NJE. 2018; 25(1): 28-35.

Web Style

Sulaiman S, Dan'azumi S. Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=152021 [Access: June 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sulaiman S, Dan'azumi S. Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. NJE. 2018; 25(1): 28-35.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sulaiman S, Dan'azumi S. Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. NJE. (2018), [cited June 23, 2026]; 25(1): 28-35.


Harvard Style

Sulaiman, S. & Dan'azumi, . S. (2018) Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. NJE, 25 (1), 28-35.


Turabian Style

Sulaiman, S., and S. Dan'azumi. 2018. Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 25 (1), 28-35.


Chicago Style

Sulaiman, S., and S. Dan'azumi. "Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 25 (2018), 28-35.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sulaiman, S., and S. Dan'azumi. "Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 25.1 (2018), 28-35. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sulaiman, S. & Dan'azumi, . S. (2018) Household Water Treatment Using Ceramic Filter from Natural Clay and Sugarcane Bagasse for Potable use in Rural Areas. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 25 (1), 28-35.


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