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Original Research
Online Published: 29 Sep 2021
 


EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT

N. M. Musa1, Z. B.baba, A. Ma’aruf, A. L. Yakubu, S. I. Abba.


Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental investigation carried out to study the effect of acidic environment on concrete made with coconut shell (CS) as a partial aggregate replacement, in which the natural coarse aggregates were replaced with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% CSby volume. To study the performance of CS concrete in acidic environment, compressive strength test at 28 days before immersion in acid, weight loss assessment after immersion in acids at interval of 3 days and compressive strength loss assessment after immersion in 3% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) mediums for 27 days were carried out. The results indicated that Coconut shells maybe viable for use as apartial replacement to aggregate in concrete. But when subjected to strength tests after immersion in both HCl and H2SO4 acidic environment they did not perform well, as theircompressive strength and weight decreased with increase in CS replacements. The losses are higher in the H2SO4 medium than in HCl medium. The use of coconut shells in concrete should be avoided in aggressive environments.

Key words: Coconut shell;coarse aggregate; acid resistance; weight loss; partial replacement


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Musa NM, B.baba Z, Ma’aruf A, Yakubu AL, Abba SI. EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. NJE. 2018; 25(2): 25-31.

Web Style

Musa NM, B.baba Z, Ma’aruf A, Yakubu AL, Abba SI. EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=128276 [Access: June 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Musa NM, B.baba Z, Ma’aruf A, Yakubu AL, Abba SI. EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. NJE. 2018; 25(2): 25-31.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Musa NM, B.baba Z, Ma’aruf A, Yakubu AL, Abba SI. EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. NJE. (2018), [cited June 23, 2026]; 25(2): 25-31.


Harvard Style

Musa, N. M., B.baba, . Z., Ma’aruf, . A., Yakubu, . A. L. & Abba, . S. I. (2018) EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. NJE, 25 (2), 25-31.


Turabian Style

Musa, N. M., Z. B.baba, A. Ma’aruf, A. L. Yakubu, and S. I. Abba. 2018. EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 25 (2), 25-31.


Chicago Style

Musa, N. M., Z. B.baba, A. Ma’aruf, A. L. Yakubu, and S. I. Abba. "EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 25 (2018), 25-31.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Musa, N. M., Z. B.baba, A. Ma’aruf, A. L. Yakubu, and S. I. Abba. "EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 25.2 (2018), 25-31. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Musa, N. M., B.baba, . Z., Ma’aruf, . A., Yakubu, . A. L. & Abba, . S. I. (2018) EFFECT OF ACID ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH COCONUT SHELL AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 25 (2), 25-31.


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