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2026, Vol: 33, Issue: 1
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Original Article 
NJE. 2023; 30(3): 94-101


A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER

Abdullahi Sanda Ndayako, Saulawa Baddarudeen Sani, Umar Alfa Abubakar.


Abstract
This study was carried out to compare bio-coagulants’ ability to treat wastewater. Moringa oleifera seed and watermelon seed extracts were tested and proffered in this research. Synthetic turbid water was prepared using a clay suspension and a high correlation coefficient of 0.9967 was obtained between clay suspension dosage and turbidity lending credence to its use for the simulation. Jar tests were carried out to determine the optimum dosage of the bio-coagulants and alum as the control. In the settling column tests, it was observed that the removal efficiencies increased with time and decreased with the depth of the column. Alum had the highest average removal efficiency (97%), followed by Moringa oleifera seed extract with 84.5% removal. While watermelon seed extract had the least removal of 70.75%. Finally, the detention time and overflow rates were found to be within acceptable limits showing that these natural coagulants are potential alternatives to alum, which is presently the most common, coagulant in water treatment.

Key words: Moringa, watermelon, coagulation, overflow rate, detention, alum


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ndayako AS, Sani SB, Abubakar UA. A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. NJE. 2023; 30(3): 94-101.

Web Style

Ndayako AS, Sani SB, Abubakar UA. A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. https://www.njeabu.com.ng/?mno=14832 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ndayako AS, Sani SB, Abubakar UA. A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. NJE. 2023; 30(3): 94-101.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ndayako AS, Sani SB, Abubakar UA. A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. NJE. (2023), [cited June 27, 2026]; 30(3): 94-101.


Harvard Style

Ndayako, A. S., Sani, . S. B. & Abubakar, . U. A. (2023) A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. NJE, 30 (3), 94-101.


Turabian Style

Ndayako, Abdullahi Sanda, Saulawa Baddarudeen Sani, and Umar Alfa Abubakar. 2023. A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 30 (3), 94-101.


Chicago Style

Ndayako, Abdullahi Sanda, Saulawa Baddarudeen Sani, and Umar Alfa Abubakar. "A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 30 (2023), 94-101.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ndayako, Abdullahi Sanda, Saulawa Baddarudeen Sani, and Umar Alfa Abubakar. "A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 30.3 (2023), 94-101. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ndayako, A. S., Sani, . S. B. & Abubakar, . U. A. (2023) A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF BIO-COAGULANT TO TREAT TURBID WATER. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 30 (3), 94-101.


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